The primary survey in emergency assessment focuses on which sequence?

• A. Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability
• B. Circulation, Airway, Disability, Breathing
• C. Disability, Exposure, Circulation, Airway
• D. Airway, Circulation, Breathing, Disability

Answer: (A)

The key idea is to act on life-threatening problems in a strict order: airway, breathing, circulation, then disability. Start by making sure the airway is open and protected so air can reach the lungs; without a patent airway, nothing you do about breathing or circulation will restore oxygen delivery to tissues. Once the airway is secure, assess breathing to confirm adequate ventilation and oxygenation, providing support or ventilation as needed. Next, evaluate circulation to identify and control bleeding and to ensure proper perfusion; check pulses and signs of shock, and address any circulatory compromise promptly. Finally, perform a quick neurological assessment to gauge level of consciousness and potential brain injury. The step that involves exposing the patient to look for hidden injuries is saved for the secondary survey, so it doesn’t delay these life-saving priorities.